In residential wiring, what is the purpose of a neutral wire?

The purpose of a neutral wire in residential wiring is to complete the electrical circuit by carrying current back to the source. In an alternating current (AC) system, the current flows to an electrical device through the live or hot wire and returns through the neutral wire. This return path is essential for the circuit to function properly, ensuring a continuous flow of electricity.

The neutral wire serves a critical role in balancing the electrical system. Without a neutral wire, there would be an incomplete circuit, which can lead to circuit imbalances, potential hazards, and malfunctioning of electrical devices. It is typically bonded to ground at the main panel, which helps maintain a safe electrical system.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of the neutral wire. While it is important for overall circuit performance and system safety, its primary role is as the return path for the current, making option B the most accurate representation of its purpose in residential wiring systems.